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Subdermal Progestin Implant and an Oral Combined Hormonal Contraceptive in Youth with Type 1 Diabetes.
Giraudo, F, Salinas, A, Merino, PM, Iñiguez, G, López, P, Castro, A, Lardone, MC, Cavada, G, Cassorla, F, Codner, E
Journal of pediatric and adolescent gynecology. 2024;(2):177-183
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE To determine the metabolic effects of the subcutaneous etonogestrel implant compared with an oral contraceptive in adolescents and young adults (AYAs) with type 1 diabetes (T1D) on body weight, body composition, glucose, lipids, and C-reactive protein levels. METHODS This was a non-randomized, interventional, prospective study. Thirty-nine AYAs with T1D participated; 20 used the implant (Implant-T1D), and 19 used an oral combined contraceptive (OC-T1D). Body composition, HbA1c, intermittent continuous glucose monitoring, lipids, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) levels were evaluated. RESULTS All participants were followed for at least 12 months, and 26 completed the 24-month follow-up. No women discontinued the intervention due to adverse effects. Body weight increased by 0.8 ± 3.5 and 1 ± 2.9 kg in the OC-T1D and the Implant-T1D group at 12 months and by 2.6 ± 3.9 and 3.3 ± 3.6 kg at 24 months, respectively. OC-T1D and Implant-T1D had similar HbA1c, mean interstitial glucose levels, and time in range throughout the study; no significant difference over time was observed. hsCRP levels increased in both groups and were associated with BMI and HbA1c (P < .001 for both variables). Women in the OC-T1D group had higher total cholesterol, HDL-C, and triglyceride levels compared with the Implant-T1D. CONCLUSION Glucose levels were similar in youth using the subdermal progestin implant and an OC. However, both AYA groups showed increased BMI, fat mass, and subclinical inflammation. Changes in lipid levels were associated with the OC method. These data highlight the importance of weight gain prevention in young women with T1D using hormonal contraception.
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Short-term complications and post-acute sequelae in hospitalized paediatric patients with COVID-19 and obesity: A multicenter cohort study.
Valenzuela, G, Alarcón-Andrade, G, Schulze-Schiapacasse, C, Rodríguez, R, García-Salum, T, Pardo-Roa, C, Levican, J, Serrano, E, Avendaño, MJ, Gutiérrez, M, et al
Pediatric obesity. 2023;(2):e12980
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity increases the severity of coronavirus disease 2019 illness in adults. The role of obesity in short-term complications and post-acute sequelae in children is not well defined. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the relationship between obesity and short-term complications and post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection in hospitalized paediatric patients. METHODS An observational study was conducted in three tertiary hospitals, including paediatric hospitalized patients with a confirmatory SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR from March 2020 to December 2021. Obesity was defined according to WHO 2006 (0-2 years) and CDC 2000 (2-20 years) growth references. Short-term outcomes were intensive care unit admission, ventilatory support, superinfections, acute kidney injury, and mortality. Neurological, respiratory, and cardiological symptoms and/or delayed or long-term complications beyond 4 weeks from the onset of symptoms were considered as post-acute sequalae. Adjusted linear, logistic regression and generalized estimating equations models were performed. RESULTS A total of 216 individuals were included, and 67 (31.02%) of them had obesity. Obesity was associated with intensive care unit admission (aOR = 5.63, CI95% 2.90-10.94), oxygen requirement (aOR = 2.77, CI95% 1.36-5.63), non-invasive ventilatory support (aOR = 6.81, CI95% 2.11-22.04), overall superinfections (aOR = 3.02 CI95% 1.45-6.31), and suspected bacterial pneumonia (aOR = 3.00 CI95% 1.44-6.23). For post-acute sequalae, obesity was associated with dyspnea (aOR = 9.91 CI95% 1.92-51.10) and muscle weakness (aOR = 20.04 CI95% 2.50-160.65). CONCLUSIONS In paediatric hospitalized patients with COVID-19, severe short-term outcomes and post-acute sequelae are associated with obesity. Recognizing obesity as a key comorbidity is essential to develop targeted strategies for prevention of COVID-19 complications in children.
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Kernel weight contribution to yield genetic gain of maize: a global review and US case studies.
Fernández, JA, Messina, CD, Salinas, A, Prasad, PVV, Nippert, JB, Ciampitti, IA
Journal of experimental botany. 2022;(11):3597-3609
Abstract
Over the past century of maize (Zea mays L.) breeding, grain yield progress has been the result of improvements in several other intrinsic physiological and morphological traits. In this study, we describe (i) the contribution of kernel weight (KW) to yield genetic gain across multiple agronomic settings and breeding programs, and (ii) the physiological bases for improvements in KW for US hybrids. A global-scale literature review concludes that rates of KW improvement in US hybrids were similar to those of other commercial breeding programs but extended over a longer period of time. There is room for a continued increase of kernel size in maize for most of the genetic materials analysed, but the trade-off between kernel number and KW poses a challenge for future yield progress. Through phenotypic characterization of Pioneer Hi-Bred ERA hybrids in the USA, we determine that improvements in KW have been predominantly related to an extended kernel-filling duration. Likewise, crop improvement has conferred on modern hybrids greater KW plasticity, expressed as a better ability to respond to changes in assimilate availability. Our analysis of past trends and current state of development helps to identify candidate targets for future improvements in maize.
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Spinophilin loss correlates with poor patient prognosis in advanced stages of colon carcinoma.
Estevez-Garcia, P, Lopez-Calderero, I, Molina-Pinelo, S, Muñoz-Galvan, S, Salinas, A, Gomez-Izquierdo, L, Lucena-Cacace, A, Felipe-Abrio, B, Paz-Ares, L, Garcia-Carbonero, R, et al
Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research. 2013;(14):3925-35
Abstract
PURPOSE The genomic region 17q21 is frequently associated with microsatellite instability and LOH in cancer, including gastric and colorectal carcinomas. This region contains several putative tumor suppressor genes, including Brca1, NM23, prohibitin, and spinophilin (Spn, PPP1R9B, neurabin II). The scaffold protein Spn is one of the regulatory subunits of phosphatase-1 (PP1) that targets PP1 to distinct subcellular locations and couples PP1 to its target. Thus, Spn may alter cell-cycle progression via the regulation of the phosphorylation status of the retinoblastoma protein, a direct target of PP1. Therefore, we analyzed whether Spn levels were reduced in colorectal carcinomas and whether Spn levels correlated with prognosis or response to therapy. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN By means of immunohistochemistry or quantitative PCR, we studied the levels of Spn in stages II, III, and IV colorectal carcinoma tumors and correlated to other clinicopathologic features as well as prognosis or response to therapy. RESULTS Spn was lost in a percentage of human gastric, small intestine, and colorectal carcinomas. In patients with colorectal carcinoma, tumoral Spn downregulation correlated with a more aggressive histologic phenotype (poorer tumor differentiation and higher proliferative Ki67 index). Consistent with this observation, lower Spn protein expression levels were associated with faster relapse and poorer survival in patients with stage III colorectal carcinoma, particularly among those receiving adjuvant fluoropyrimidine therapy. We validated this result in an independent cohort of patients with metastatic colorectal carcinoma treated with standard chemotherapy. Although patients that achieved an objective tumor response exhibited Spn levels similar to nontumoral tissue, nonresponding patients showed a significant reduction in Spn mRNA levels. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that Spn downregulation contributes to a more aggressive biologic behavior, induces chemoresistance, and is associated with a poorer survival in patients with advanced stages of colorectal carcinoma.
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Identification of proteomic signatures associated with lung cancer and COPD.
Pastor, MD, Nogal, A, Molina-Pinelo, S, Meléndez, R, Salinas, A, González De la Peña, M, Martín-Juan, J, Corral, J, García-Carbonero, R, Carnero, A, et al
Journal of proteomics. 2013;:227-37
Abstract
UNLABELLED Lung cancer (LC) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) commonly coexist in smokers, and the presence of COPD increases the risk of developing LC. The aim of this study was to identify distinct proteomic profiles able to discriminate these two pathological entities. Protein content was assessed in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) of 60 patients classified in four groups: COPD, COPD and LC, LC without COPD, and control with neither COPD nor LC. Proteins were separated into spots by bidimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE) and examined by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/TOF). A total of 40 proteins were differentially expressed in the LC and/or COPD groups as compared with the control group. Distinct protein profiles were identified and validated for each pathological entity (LC and COPD). The main networks involved were related to inflammatory signalling, free radical scavenging and oxidative stress response, and glycolysis and gluconeogenesis pathways. The most relevant signalling link between LC and COPD was through the NF-κB pathway. In conclusion, the protein profiles identified contribute to elucidate the underlying pathogenic pathways of both diseases, and provide new tools of potential use as biomarkers for the early diagnosis of LC. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE Sequence coverage. The protein sequence coverage (95%) was estimated for specific proteins by the percentage of matching amino acids from the identified peptides having confidence greater than or equal to 95% divided by the total number of amino acids in the sequence. Ingenuity Pathways Analysis. Mapping of our proteins onto biological pathways and disease networks demonstrated that 22 proteins were linked to inflammatory signalling (p-value: 1.35 10(-08)-1.42 10(-02)), 15 proteins were associated with free radical scavenging and oxidative stress response (p-value: 4.93 10(-11)-1.27 10(-02)), and 9 proteins were related with glycolysis and gluconeogenesis pathways (p-value: 7.39 10(-09)-1.58 10(-02)).
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A cost-effectiveness evaluation of a home visit program for adolescent mothers.
Aracena, M, Krause, M, Pérez, C, Méndez, MJ, Salvatierra, L, Soto, M, Pantoja, T, Navarro, S, Salinas, A, Farah, C, et al
Journal of health psychology. 2009;(7):878-87
Abstract
A home visit intervention program for adolescents throughout their pregnancy and during the early stages of motherhood was evaluated. The participants (N = 90) were part of a larger group of adolescents treated in two health centers in a poor neighborhood in Santiago, Chile. The program was carried out by volunteer community health monitors and evaluated through an experimental, randomized, controlled clinical trial. Cost-effectiveness was examined in comparison with standard health care. Results show higher scores for the intervention group on the mothers' mental health and nutritional state, as well as on the children's levels of linguistic development.